She has good vision and hearing and scores well on tests of intelligence. She went to an excellent preschool and several different special reading programs have been tried since early in kindergarten.
While no brain injury or malformation has been identified, some impairment is presumed to exist in how Cindy's brain puts together visual and auditory information. The impairment may be inability to associate sounds with symbols, for example. In Cindy's case, the inability to read is a disability.
The disability can probably be improved by trying different teaching methods and using those that seem most effective with Cindy. If the impairment can be explained, it may be possible to dramatically improve the disability by using a method of teaching that does not require skills that are impaired That is, if the difficulty involves learning sounds for letters, a sight-reading approach can improve her level of disability.
Cindy already experiences a handicap as compared with other children in her class at school, and she may fail third grade. Her condition will become more handicapping as she gets older if an effective approach is not found to improve her reading or to teach her to compensate for her reading difficulties.
Even if the level of disability stays severe that is, she never learns to read well , this will be less handicapping if she learns to tape lectures and "read" books on audiotapes. Using such approaches, even in elementary school, can prevent her reading disability from interfering with her progress in other academic areas increasing her handicap. Sheena L.
Carter, Ph. The most commonly cited definitions are those provided by the World Health Organization in The International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps: Impairment any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function. Disability any restriction or lack resulting from an impairment of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being.
Handicap a disadvantage for a given individual that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal As traditionally used, impairment refers to a problem with a structure or organ of the body; disability is a functional limitation with regard to a particular activity; and handicap refers to a disadvantage in filling a role in life relative to a peer group.
Examples to illustrate the differences among the terms "impairment," "disability," and "handicap. Impairment The inability to move the legs easily at the joints and inability to bear weight on the feet is an impairment. Disability David's inability to walk is a disability.
Handicap David's cerebral palsy is handicapping to the extent that it prevents him from fulfilling a normal role at home, in preschool, and in the community.
LD example: Cindy is an 8-year-old who has extreme difficulty with reading severe dyslexia. It is noteworthy that words such as disorder, impairment, handicap, etc. However, these terms also have their own associations, such as the term 'disorder' is often used for mental disabilities and 'impairment' is used for sensory disabilities such as vision impairment, speech impairment, etc. It is observed that people suffering from disability cannot go back to being as they were before, which is why disabled persons in various countries are eligible to receive special grants and privileges.
Their stories are truly inspirational and we all must take a lot of heart from them. Disorder can be defined as a blip in the usual functioning of a person. Essentially, disorder is any ailment that disturbs the health of a person. Disorders appear trivial at the onset, but they often grow insidiously in a person. When it comes to disorders, the most popular and commonly associated term is brain disorder.
This is because brain disorders are very complex in nature, and quite intriguing to the faculty of psychological studies, because they often demand a remedy that is a departure from normal ways or techniques. Difference between Disability and Disorder.
Key difference : Disability is an injury that restricts the functions or movements of a person. Disorder is an illness that causes disruption to the functions of a person.
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